More than any other development in the twentieth century, the rise of television broadcasting has reinforced ________ in the American political process.

More than any other development in the twentieth century, the rise of television broadcasting has reinforced ________ in the American political process.

A) interest
B) individualism
C) behavioralism
D) participation
E) democratization

Answer: B

The media usually report on America's social problems in a manner that

The media usually report on America's social problems in a manner that

A) encourages government to take on more and more tasks.
B) suggests government can really not be trusted to take on more tasks.
C) is neither critical nor positive.
D) displays a lack of real sensitivity.
E) has often been described as benign neglect.

Answer: A

Which of the following statements about policy agendas is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about policy agendas is FALSE?

A) Interest groups, political parties, and the president are all examples of those who push
for their priorities to take precedence.
B) Scores of issues compete for attention from the government.
C) The policy agenda receives some serious attention at any given time.
D) Only government officials develop policy priorities.
E) none of the above





Answer: D

People who invest their political "capital" in a particular issue are often called

People who invest their political "capital" in a particular issue are often called

A) talking heads.
B) policy wonks.
C) policy entrepreneurs.
D) political investors.
E) policy specialists.

Answer: C

The watchdog orientation of the press can be characterized as

The watchdog orientation of the press can be characterized as

A) reformist.
B) liberal.
C) libertarian.
D) conservative.
E) partisan.

Answer: A

The impact of TV news is that it

The impact of TV news is that it

A) familiarizes the public with issues through its emphasis on headline reading.
B) alters the priorities Americans attach to a circumscribed set of problems.
C) influences the governmental agenda because policymakers and policy entrepreneurs depend on it.
D) has little influence on the public agenda because most viewers are less educated.
E) all of the above

Answer: B

Agenda-setting effects on public opinion are an example of how

Agenda-setting effects on public opinion are an example of how

A) the media influence individual's vote choices.
B) the media have a bias in favor of the status quo.
C) the media cue individuals about what political issues are important to think about.
D) the media have a liberal bias.
E) the media have no bias.

Answer: A

One survey of journalists in 2002 found that ________ were Democrats.

One survey of journalists in 2002 found that ________ were Democrats.

A) 37 percent
B) 29 percent
C) 60 percent
D) 45 percent
E) 85 percent

Answer: A

The media seem to have the least effect in terms of

The media seem to have the least effect in terms of

A) how people vote.
B) how people evaluate political leaders.
C) what Americans think about.
D) the importance people attach to problems.
E) who votes.

Answer: A

Critics of the "minimal effects hypothesis" about the media's effect on public opinion point to the media's role in

Critics of the "minimal effects hypothesis" about the media's effect on public opinion point to the media's role in

A) how voters cast their ballots.
B) concealing problems that exist by ignoring them.
C) shaping what priority Americans attach to problems.
D) whether people choose to vote.
E) mobilizing voter turnout.

Answer: C

In a 2002 survey of 1,149 journalists,

In a 2002 survey of 1,149 journalists,

A) more were found to identify themselves as Democrats than as Republicans.
B) a majority expressed no party preference whatsoever.
C) they were about evenly split in their party preferences between Republicans and Democrats.
D) more were found to identify themselves as Republicans than as Democrats.
E) a large majority were found to be both ideologically neutral and have no preference for one party over the other.

Answer: A

A talking head is a reference to

A talking head is a reference to

A) a television talk show host.
B) a shot of a person's face talking directly to the camera.
C) a news leak that is discretely passed to a reporter in a public washroom.
D) a television news anchor.
E) a television talk show.

Answer: B

Which of the following statements about television news is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about television news is FALSE?

A) The only highly regarded in-depth news shows on television are watched by very few viewers.
B) Studies have shown that television gives only skimpy attention to the issues during a
presidential campaign.
C) The complex issues of today are difficult to treat in a short news clip.
D) Television analysis of news events has been rapidly increasing.
E) Television news is less detailed than that presented in newspapers.

Answer: D

The news does not mirror reality because

The news does not mirror reality because

A) journalists are more liberal than most people.
B) the number of potential news stories is limited.
C) journalists must select stories that will draw the largest audience.
D) journalists are more conservative than most people.
E) the news media are biased toward the coverage of political events.

Answer: C

In 2004, the average sound bite of a presidential candidate shown talking on the nightly news averaged

In 2004, the average sound bite of a presidential candidate shown talking on the nightly news averaged

A) less than ten seconds.
B) about thirty seconds.
C) about two minutes.
D) about ninety seconds.
E) about a minute.

Answer: A

A shot of a person's face speaking directly into the television camera is known as a

A shot of a person's face speaking directly into the television camera is known as a

A) superfacial.
B) talking head.
C) head shot.
D) sound bite.
E) mug shot.

Answer: B

During the 1992 election campaign, CBS News promised to ________, but then changed its policy when it proved to be unworkable.

During the 1992 election campaign, CBS News promised to ________, but then changed its policy when it proved to be unworkable.

A) follow campaign ads with factual analysis
B) reform the sound bite process
C) ban coverage of polls
D) float no trial balloons
E) give equal time to each candidate on each news broadcast

Answer: B

The overriding bias in the news is toward stories that

The overriding bias in the news is toward stories that

A) include talking heads.
B) are triangular.
C) are liberal.
D) draw large audiences.
E) target-specific audiences.




Answer: D

Sound bites are

Sound bites are

A) short clips of a political speech lasting fifteen seconds or less.
B) leaks by official sources used to test the political waters.
C) negative news coverage received by a public figure. They hurt!
D) a form of censorship widely used in Great Britain.
E) negative political advertisements that offer quick attacks on one's opponent.

Answer: A

Television news coverage characteristically

Television news coverage characteristically

A) has little impact on shaping political opinions.
B) lacks in-depth analysis.
C) emphasizes policy issues.
D) focuses on Congressional politics more than presidential politics.
E) focuses on what elites think is important.

Answer: B

Reporters and their official sources usually have a(n) ________ relationship.

Reporters and their official sources usually have a(n) ________ relationship.

A) hostile
B) disinterested
C) adversarial
D) conspiratorial
E) symbiotic

Answer: E

Most television news analysis reports

Most television news analysis reports

A) run over ten minutes.
B) run about five minutes.
C) run about seven minutes.
D) last less than a minute.
E) run about two minutes.

Answer: D

News is what

News is what

A) the public believes are the most important political issues facing the country.
B) government officials want it to be.
C) is timely and different.
D) has the greatest impact on the most people.
E) journalism professors say it is.

Answer: C

Today's massive media conglomerates control newspapers with over ________ of the nation's daily circulation.

Today's massive media conglomerates control newspapers with over ________ of the nation's daily circulation.

A) 53 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 80 percent
E) 33 percent

Answer: D

After the Persian Gulf War, fifteen major news organizations sent a letter

After the Persian Gulf War, fifteen major news organizations sent a letter

A) condemning President Bush for killing tens of thousands of retreating Iraqi troops.
B) citing a dozen instances of blatant, false propaganda that had been given them by Iraqi officials during the war.
C) complaining that the Pentagon's rules for reporting the war were designed to control the news.
D) congratulating the Pentagon for its brilliant war effort.
E) complaining that they had been barred by the Pentagon from filming United States planes killing tens of thousands of retreating Iraqi troops waving white flags of surrender.

Answer: C

To a large extent, television networks define news as what is ________ to viewers.

To a large extent, television networks define news as what is ________ to viewers.

A) informative
B) vital information
C) entertaining
D) thought-provoking
E) yet unknown

Answer: C

During the first Persian Gulf War, reporters

During the first Persian Gulf War, reporters

A) had very free movement but only limited access to accurate military information on a timely basis.
B) were barred from covering the war or speculating about it from the time the air strikes began until the entire war was over.
C) were denied freedom of movement and had only limited access to accurate military information on a timely basis.
D) were frequently captured by Iraqi troops and sentenced to long jail sentences for reporting information unfavorable to the Iraqi government.
E) had very free movement, and access to accurate military information almost immediately.

Answer: C

Which for the following is true about cable newscasts?

Which for the following is true about cable newscasts?

A) "Hard" news stories comprise about 22 hours of a typical day's cable newscast.
B) Only about 11% of the time was used for written and edited news stories.
C) Cable news is heavily subsidized by the the federal government.
D) There are more regulations for cable news than their are for broadcast news.
E) Cable newscasts are more concerned with increasing the reputation of the news organization than with making profit.

Answer: B

Public officials often leak ________ to reporters to see what the political reaction will be.

Public officials often leak ________ to reporters to see what the political reaction will be.

A) trial balloons
B) sound bites
C) beats
D) "oiled news"
E) talking heads

Answer: A

During the military campaign in Afghanistan, President Bush and the White House frequently watched ________ to see events as they happened.

During the military campaign in Afghanistan, President Bush and the White House frequently watched ________ to see events as they happened.

A) Nightline
B) Good Morning America
C) closed circuit, top-secret Pentagon video relays
D) CNN
E) The MacNeil/Lehrer

Answer: D

Individuals aged 29 and under are

Individuals aged 29 and under are

A) more likely than older individuals to spend time getting news.
B) less likely than older individuals to use the Internet for news.
C) more likely to rely on newspapers than on television as a news source.
D) less likely than older individuals to learn about the presidential campaign from a daily newspaper.
E) more likely than older individuals to use newsmagazines as a news source.

Answer: D

Television became especially important in bringing the reality of ________ home to America as its first heavily televised war.

Television became especially important in bringing the reality of ________ home to America as its first heavily televised war.

A) the Vietnam War
B) the Korean War
C) World War I
D) the war in Iraq
E) World War II

Answer: A

The first televised ________ occurred during the 1960 presidential campaign.

The first televised ________ occurred during the 1960 presidential campaign.

A) election returns
B) presidential debate
C) national political convention
D) political commercial
E) presidential press conference

Answer: B

Television became extremely important in political campaigns beginning in

Television became extremely important in political campaigns beginning in

A) 1948.
B) 1952.
C) 1972.
D) 1960.
E) 1984.

Answer: D

In general, magazines are

In general, magazines are

A) politically conservative.
B) basically reserved for the educated elite.
C) not a major source of news in the United States.
D) not read very widely in the United States.
E) a major source of news in the United States.

Answer: C

Serious magazines of political news and opinion are

Serious magazines of political news and opinion are

A) basically reserved for the educated elite in America.
B) almost nonexistent in the United States.
C) a principle source of news and information for most Americans.
D) rapidly dying out in the United States, but remain very healthy in Europe and Latin America.
E) a more common source for national and international news than newspapers.

Answer: A

Following the first Nixon-Kennedy presidential debate of 1960, opinion polls showed that

Following the first Nixon-Kennedy presidential debate of 1960, opinion polls showed that

A) those who watched on television thought Nixon had won, while those who listened over the radio thought Kennedy won.
B) those who watched on television and listened over the radio both thought Kennedy had won.
C) those who listened over radio thought it was a draw, while those who watched television thought Kennedy did better.
D) those who watched on television and listened over the radio both thought Nixon had won.
E) those who watched on television thought Kennedy had won, while those who listened over the radio thought Nixon won.

Answer: E

The principal source of news and information for most Americans today is

The principal source of news and information for most Americans today is

A) newspapers.
B) radio talk shows.
C) magazines.
D) print media.
E) the broadcast media.




Answer: E

For most newspapers in medium-sized cities and small towns, their principal source for reporting national and world news is

For most newspapers in medium-sized cities and small towns, their principal source for reporting national and world news is

A) USA Today.
B) The New York Times.
C) Cable News Network.
D) The Associated Press.
E) The Washington Post.

Answer: D

With over 2,700 reporters, photographers and editors, ________ has more news gathering ability than any other news organization.

With over 2,700 reporters, photographers and editors, ________ has more news gathering ability than any other news organization.

A) Gannett
B) the Associated Press
C) The New York Times
D) Columbia Broadcasting System
E) King Features Syndicate



Answer: B

Thomas Patterson found that media coverage of presidential candidates changed from a descriptive framework to a(n)

Thomas Patterson found that media coverage of presidential candidates changed from a descriptive framework to a(n)

A) evaluative framework.
B) analytical framework.
C) empirical framework.
D) uniform framework.
E) normative framework




Answer: B

The first daily newspaper in America was

The first daily newspaper in America was

A) the Associated Press established in 1841.
B) The New York Times established in 1800.
C) printed in Philadelphia in 1783.
D) the Colonial Gazette printed in 1607.
E) Common Sense printed in 1776.

Answer: C

In what was a very different era, the press chose not to point out to readers or to photograph the fact that President ________ was confined to a wheelchair.

In what was a very different era, the press chose not to point out to readers or to photograph the fact that President ________ was confined to a wheelchair.

A) Warren Harding
B) Harry Truman
C) Dwight Eisenhower
D) Lyndon Johnson
E) Franklin Roosevelt

Answer: E

Which president held one thousand press conferences, far more than any other?

Which president held one thousand press conferences, far more than any other?

A) John F. Kennedy
B) Richard Nixon
C) Ronald Reagan
D) Franklin Roosevelt
E) Bill Clinton





Answer: D

Prior to the 1930s,

Prior to the 1930s,

A) press conferences were held twice a week.
B) the president was rarely directly questioned by the media.
C) the media was dominated by a few influential newspapers.
D) image-building was essentially built around radio broadcasting.
E) the president catered to the local, rather than the national, press.

Answer: B

Which of the following statements about Franklin Roosevelt and the news media is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about Franklin Roosevelt and the news media is FALSE?

A) Roosevelt used presidential wrath to warn reporters off material he did not want covered.
B) The press revered Roosevelt.
C) Roosevelt knew how to feed the right story to the right reporter.
D) The press often reported on Roosevelt's health and confinement to a wheelchair.
E) none of the above




Answer: D

The use of detective-like reporting methods to unearth scandals is known as

The use of detective-like reporting methods to unearth scandals is known as

A) yellow journalism.

B) trial balloons.

C) scientific journalism.

D) investigative journalism.

E) print journalism.

Answer: D

Today's news people work in an environment of ________ toward government.

Today's news people work in an environment of ________ toward government.

A) friendship
B) cynicism
C) hostility
D) trust
E) acceptance





Answer: B

Up until the presidency of Franklin Roosevelt,

Up until the presidency of Franklin Roosevelt,

A) reporters did not ask presidents questions, they simply reported what presidents did.
B) presidents held daily press conferences.
C) presidents held private chats with reporters in a very informal setting rather than hold public press conferences.
D) reporters submitted their questions to presidents in writing.
E) reporters had fireside chats with presidents in the White House.

Answer: D

According to the text, Ronald Reagan's presidency was characterized by

According to the text, Ronald Reagan's presidency was characterized by

A) more concern and energy devoted to the president's media appearances than in any other administration.
B) a number of spontaneous media appearances by the president designed to take advantage of his Hollywood experience.
C) considerable animosity between the media and the administration.
D) Reagan's frequent false statements which were later documented by reporters to be either errors or deliberate lies.
E) attempts to avoid media appearances by the president.

Answer: A

Purposely staged activities held in front of the media are called

Purposely staged activities held in front of the media are called

A) trial balloons.
B) media events.
C) political dramas.
D) press conferences.
E) news.





Answer: B

A ________ is staged by a campaign primarily for the purpose of being covered on television and in the press.

A ________ is staged by a campaign primarily for the purpose of being covered on television and in the press.

A) media event
B) TV commercial
C) political incident
D) "Get Out the Vote" effort
E) political play




Answer: A

High-tech politics refers to

High-tech politics refers to

A) a politics in which the behavior of citizens and policymakers is shaped by technology.
B) a proposal for direct democracy through the use of telephone voting.
C) a futuristic society in which politics is controlled by computers, freeing people for more honorable pursuits.
D) the use of cable television to broadcast the workings of the government.
E) the ability of government to observe the behavior of citizens through electronic means.

Answer: A

The most pervasive characteristic of American international economic policy is

The most pervasive characteristic of American international economic policy is

A) elitism.
B) secrecy.
C) the dominance of the president.
D) pluralism.
E) the lead role played by top State Department officials





Answer: D

When the American people hold strong opinions regarding international relations,

When the American people hold strong opinions regarding international relations,

A) they are usually ignored.
B) policymakers manipulate the agenda to emphasize domestic issues.
C) they find policymakers responsive to them.
D) they follow the lead of the president.
E) national security policy decisions are delayed.



Answer: C

Americans are usually least interested in

Americans are usually least interested in

A) domestic policy.
B) foreign policy.
C) economic policy.
D) social policy.
E) tax policy.




Answer: B

Which of the following nations is least dependent on foreign oil?

Which of the following nations is least dependent on foreign oil?

A) Japan
B) United States
C) Germany
D) Great Britain
E) the European nations together





Answer: B

Which of the following countries spends the smallest percentage of its gross domestic product on foreign economic development?

Which of the following countries spends the smallest percentage of its gross domestic product on foreign economic development?

A) New Zealand
B) Japan
C) United States
D) Italy
E) Norway




Answer: C

The United States

The United States

A) donates more total aid than any other country.
B) devotes a larger share of its GNP to foreign economic development than any other country.
C) no longer gives military aid to less developed countries.
D) funnels all of its foreign aid through the United Nations.
E) all of the above


Answer: A

Which of the following statements about foreign aid is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about foreign aid is FALSE?

A) Presidents of each party have pressed for aid to nations in the developing world.
B) A major goal of foreign aid is to stabilize nations friendly to the United States.
C) A substantial percentage of foreign aid is in the form of military assistance.
D) Foreign food aid often ends up in the pockets of American farmers.
E) Congress usually increases the president's foreign aid requests.





Answer: E

Which of the following is TRUE about America's foreign aid programs?

Which of the following is TRUE about America's foreign aid programs?

A) Nearly all of the money spent goes to help modernize agriculture and industry in poorer nations, or directly provides food to the hungry.
B) The United States spends a greater percentage of its gross national product on foreign aid than any other developed nation.
C) Among the developed countries of the world, the United States donates the smallest actual amount of foreign aid.
D) Foreign aid has always been a highly popular expenditure with Americans.
E) A substantial percentage of foreign aid is military assistance.




Answer: E

Which of the following statements about the balance of trade is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about the balance of trade is FALSE?

A) When a country exports more than it imports, it has a balance of trade deficit.
B) The excess of imports over exports decreases the dollar's buying power against foreign currencies.
C) Since the late 1980s, the United States has experienced an export boom that has given us a balance of trade surplus with Western Europe.
D) A poor balance of trade exacerbates unemployment.
E) A decline in the dollar makes American products cheaper abroad and increases exports.




Answer: A

The ratio of what a country pays for imports to what it earns in exports is known as its

The ratio of what a country pays for imports to what it earns in exports is known as its

A) federal deficit.
B) balance of trade.
C) international productivity quotient.
D) tariff.
E) trade gap.




Answer: B

International economic policies today tend to emphasize

International economic policies today tend to emphasize

A) high tariffs and protectionism.
B) central planning and policymaking.
C) lower tariffs and freer trade.
D) heavy reliance on international economic organizations.
E) free trade and protectionism.




Answer: C

The North American Free Trade Agreement is designed to eventually eliminate most ________ among Canada, Mexico, and the United States.

The North American Free Trade Agreement is designed to eventually eliminate most ________ among Canada, Mexico, and the United States.

A) subsidies
B) imports
C) tariffs
D) border patrols
E) exports




Answer: C

The U.S. was involved in humanitarian intervention in which of the following countries?

The U.S. was involved in humanitarian intervention in which of the following countries?

A) Somalia
B) Haiti
C) Bosnia
D) Kosovo
E) all of the above





Answer: E

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a cooperative international organization intended to stabilize

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a cooperative international organization intended to stabilize

A) diplomatic costs.
B) the exchange of currencies.
C) economic policies between the developed and less developed countries.
D) stock markets in new democracies.
E) protective tariffs.

Answer: B

The one key word that could be used to describe today's international economy is

The one key word that could be used to describe today's international economy is

A) interdependency.
B) protectionism.
C) isolationism.
D) self-sufficiency.
E) bankruptcy.




Answer: A

_____ are intended to raise the price of imported goods and thereby protect a nation's businesses and workers from foreign competition.

_____ are intended to raise the price of imported goods and thereby protect a nation's businesses and workers from foreign competition.

A) Tariffs
B) Quotas
C) Balances of trade
D) Subsidies
E) Excise taxes




Answer: A

A tariff is a

A tariff is a

A) good imported from another country.
B) good exported to another country.
C) tax added to the price of imported goods.
D) tax added to the price of exported goods.
E) tax added to the price of technological goods.



Answer: C

The international economy today is one characterized by

The international economy today is one characterized by

A) independence.
B) isolationism.
C) interdependence.
D) intransigence.
E) protectionism.





Answer: C

All of the following countries are seeking to acquire nuclear weapons EXCEPT

All of the following countries are seeking to acquire nuclear weapons EXCEPT

A) Algeria.
B) Iran.
C) Iraq.
D) North Korea.
E) none of the above.





Answer: A

All of the following countries have agreed to give up their nuclear weapons EXCEPT

All of the following countries have agreed to give up their nuclear weapons EXCEPT

A) Argentina.
B) Sweden.
C) North Korea.
D) Brazil.
E) Norway.




Answer: C

The primary means the United States has used to keep rogue nations from acquiring nuclear weapons has been by

The primary means the United States has used to keep rogue nations from acquiring nuclear weapons has been by

A) successful monitoring of the international arms market.
B) dramatically increasing foreign aid to rogue nations.
C) infiltrating the intelligence communities of the rogue nations.
D) encouraging nations to agree that they would not acquire, or at least test, nuclear weapons.
E) both A and D



Answer: D

Economic sanctions are

Economic sanctions are

A) non-military sanctions imposed on a foreign government in an attempt to modify its behavior.
B) sanctions imposed by the United States government on multinational corporations.
C) accomplished through the use of tariffs and quotas.
D) typically used as a second resort in an escalating military conflict.
E) an example of a last resort sanction.





Answer: A

Which instrument of foreign policy used to guarantee world dominance but no longer does so?

Which instrument of foreign policy used to guarantee world dominance but no longer does so?

A) military strength
B) economic sanctions
C) diplomacy
D) none of the above
E) all of the above


Answer: A

An agreement between President Bush and President Yeltsin in January 1993 called for

An agreement between President Bush and President Yeltsin in January 1993 called for

A) the total elimination of nuclear weapons in Europe.
B) elimination of over two-thirds of their long-range nuclear weapons.
C) a moratorium on the manufacture of nuclear weapons.
D) a ban on all intermediate-range nuclear weapons.
E) an indefinite freeze on overall levels of nuclear weapons.




Answer: B

The first American president to unilaterally dismantle some United States nuclear weapons was

The first American president to unilaterally dismantle some United States nuclear weapons was

A) Jimmy Carter.
B) Ronald Reagan.
C) George Bush.
D) Bill Clinton.
E) Richard Nixon.



Answer: C

The Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty was the first accord

The Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty was the first accord

A) on nuclear weapons signed between the United States and the Soviet Union.
B) to reduce current levels of nuclear weapons.
C) mandating the elimination of many long-range nuclear missiles.
D) cutting conventional arms in Europe.
E) to be rejected by the United States Senate.





Answer: C

The Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces (INF) treaty is a significant event in arms control because

The Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces (INF) treaty is a significant event in arms control because

A) it is the first treaty to reduce current levels of nuclear weapons.
B) the United States agreed to scrap its SDI proposal.
C) it eliminated nuclear weapons in Europe.
D) it prohibited the development of anti ballistic missiles.
E) it was illegally abrogated by the Soviet Union and lead to the Reagan arms buildup of the early 1980s.





Answer: A

The first American president to sign a treaty to reduce existing levels of nuclear weapons was

The first American president to sign a treaty to reduce existing levels of nuclear weapons was

A) Richard Nixon.
B) Jimmy Carter.
C) Ronald Reagan.
D) George Bush.
E) Bill Clinton.



Answer: C

Arms reduction talks were pushed onto the agenda of discussions between the two superpowers in the late 1980s due to all of the following reasons EXCEPT

Arms reduction talks were pushed onto the agenda of discussions between the two superpowers in the late 1980s due to all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A) the rapid drive toward democracy in Eastern Europe.
B) Moscow's economic torpor.
C) the Pentagon's budgetary squeeze.
D) President Reagan's consistent policy of detente.
E) the thaw of the Cold War.





Answer: D

The first American president to sign a treaty to actually reduce current levels of nuclear weapons in the United States arsenal was

The first American president to sign a treaty to actually reduce current levels of nuclear weapons in the United States arsenal was

A) Dwight Eisenhower.
B) Richard Nixon.
C) Jimmy Carter.
D) Ronald Reagan.
E) John Kennedy.





Answer: D

Which of the following is NOT part of America's triad of nuclear weapons delivery systems?

Which of the following is NOT part of America's triad of nuclear weapons delivery systems?

A) Strategic Defense Initiative
B) intercontinental ballistic missiles
C) strategic bombers
D) submarine-launched ballistic missiles
E) both A and C




Answer: A

The structure of America's defenses has been based on

The structure of America's defenses has been based on

A) complete control of the sea and large overseas bases.
B) military control of outer space.
C) strategic nuclear air command and a small but specialized standing army.
D) a large standing military force and a triad of strategic nuclear weapons.
E) the defense of our borders and the ability to fight one minor regional conflict.



Answer: D

Whatever their ideology, members of Congress tend to support military spending most consistently

Whatever their ideology, members of Congress tend to support military spending most consistently

A) when it means jobs for their constituents.
B) when the Pentagon argues that such programs are necessary.
C) if they are asked to do so by the president.
D) once a project has already begun and needs additional funding.
E) during election years.





Answer: A

Liberals argue that the most crucial aspect of national defense is

Liberals argue that the most crucial aspect of national defense is

A) diplomacy.
B) a strong military capability.
C) a strong economy.
D) international alliances.
E) nuclear deterrence.





Answer: C

Which of the following statements about defense spending is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about defense spending is FALSE?

A) Evidence indicates that as defense spending increases, domestic spending decreases.
B) Pressures to cut defense spending and allocate funds to decrease the budget deficit are strong.
C) Conservatives fight deep cuts in defense spending in order to maintain readiness at a high level.
D) Liberals maintain that the Pentagon wastes money and that the United States buys too many guns and too little butter.
E) Defense spending now comprises half of the federal budget.






Answer: A

In general, American conservatives argue that the breakup of the communist regimes in Eastern Europe and the demise of the Soviet Union were principally due to

In general, American conservatives argue that the breakup of the communist regimes in Eastern Europe and the demise of the Soviet Union were principally due to

A) the serious defects of the Soviet economy- the inertia, the wastefulness, and the corruption inherent in the system.
B) Mikhail Gorbachev's unexpected and unyielding commitment to glasnost and perestroika.
C) America.s defense build-up during the 1980s which the Soviet Union could not match and eventually toppled it.
D) brilliant efforts over several years by various agencies and representatives of the United Nations.
E) political revolution in the Soviet Union.




Answer: C

The phrase "guns and butter" refers to

The phrase "guns and butter" refers to

A) politicians who promise money for both military and domestic spending programs.
B) the general economic improvement accompanying the nation.s involvement in a major war, though at a high human cost.
C) what many scholars claim is the trade-off a nation faces between defense spending and social spending.
D) the economic impact on cities and towns with military bases or large defense industries.
E) the economic impact of foreign countries with large defense industries.




Answer: C

Defense spending now makes up about ________ of the federal budget.

Defense spending now makes up about ________ of the federal budget.

A) one-fifth
B) one-third
C) one-half
D) three-fifths
E) one-fourth




Answer: A

The threat posed by terrorist groups and the hostile states supporting them has caused America to

The threat posed by terrorist groups and the hostile states supporting them has caused America to

A) reconsider basic principles of its foreign policy.
B) recall many of its senior diplomats from the Middle East.
C) emphasize the principles of deterrence and containment in foreign policy.
D) make dramatic cuts in domestic expenditures to pay for the new war on terrorism.
E) shift back to isolationism.







Answer: A

The Unites States originally pursued a "decapitation" strategy for confronting al-Qaida. What did this strategy propose to do?

The Unites States originally pursued a "decapitation" strategy for confronting al-Qaida. What did this strategy propose to do?

A) attack the root causes of terrorism, namely poverty
B) reduce America.s cultural influence on the Muslim world
C) eliminate a small number of al-Qaida leaders
D) execute publicly all al-Qaida members by way of the guillotine
E) spread democracy to the Middle East




Answer: C

What errors did the United States make in planning post-war Iraq?

What errors did the United States make in planning post-war Iraq?

A) The U.S. believed that the American soldiers would be welcomed as liberators.
B) The U.S. believed that Iraqi oil revenues would pay for most reconstruction costs.
C) The U.S. believed Iraqis had the skill and infrastructure to do most of the rebuilding.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above



Answer: D

In response to the terrorist acts of September 11, 2001, the George W. Bush administration has developed a new foreign policy emphasizing

In response to the terrorist acts of September 11, 2001, the George W. Bush administration has developed a new foreign policy emphasizing

A) negotiation.
B) deterrence.
C) detente.
D) preemptive strikes.
E) diplomacy.




Answer: D

The use of violence to demoralize and frighten a country's population or government is referred to as

The use of violence to demoralize and frighten a country's population or government is referred to as

A) isolationism.
B) de´tente.
C) mutual assured destruction.
D) terrorism.
E) psychological warfare.




Answer: D

One of the few spots where violence and brutal government force crushed a pro-democracy reform movement in 1989 and allowed the communist government to endure was in Tiananmen Square in

One of the few spots where violence and brutal government force crushed a pro-democracy reform movement in 1989 and allowed the communist government to endure was in Tiananmen Square in

A) Warsaw.
B) Beijing.
C) Prague.
D) Quito.
E) Ho Chi Minh City.






Answer: B

Which of the following statements about events in the late 1980s and early 1990s marking the end of the Cold War is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about events in the late 1980s and early 1990s marking the end of the Cold War is FALSE?

A) The Berlin Wall, separating East and West Germany, was torn down.
B) Eastern European nations overthrew their communist regimes and established free, democratic governments.
C) The former Soviet Union split into 15 separate nations.
D) Mass protests in Tiananmen Square led to sweeping democratic reforms in China.
E) The collapse of communism was sparked by the policies of Soviet communist leader Mikhail Gorbachev.



Answer: D

The cold war ended

The cold war ended

A) spontaneously with freedom and self-determination erupting in Eastern Europe.
B) with the signing of the East-West Corollaries in 1993.
C) with the American occupation of Eastern Europe in 1945.
D) shortly after Chinese students held peaceful protests for democracy in Tiananmen Square.
E) with Iraq's defeat in Kuwait in 1991.



Answer: D

The Strategic Defense Initiative was a(n)

The Strategic Defense Initiative was a(n)

A) proposal for arms reduction between the United States and the Soviet Union.
B) treaty between the United States and Western European countries for mutual defense.
C) proposal for an umbrella in space to destroy invading missiles.
D) attempt by the military to increase its nuclear forces during the Reagan administration.
E) secret Pentagon operation to topple communist governments worldwide through assassinations if necessary.




Answer: C

During the early years of his administration, Reagan's foreign and defense policies emphasized

During the early years of his administration, Reagan's foreign and defense policies emphasized

A) detente.
B) anticommunism.
C) arms reduction talks.
D) nuclear disarmament.
E) international free trade agreements.





Answer: B

President Ronald Reagan proposed a massive new spending program called the ________ to create a global umbrella in space, wherein computers would scan the skies and use various high-tech devices to destroy invading missiles.

President Ronald Reagan proposed a massive new spending program called the ________ to create a global umbrella in space, wherein computers would scan the skies and use various high-tech devices to destroy invading missiles.

A) brinkmanship
B) Superpatriot Missile Shield
C) Strategic Defense Initiative
D) Anti-Ballistic Missile System
E) Early Warning System



Answer: C

The largest increase in peacetime defense spending occurred under President ________, who argued that the Soviets had used arms control agreements to gallop ahead of the United States in military spending.

The largest increase in peacetime defense spending occurred under President ________, who argued that the Soviets had used arms control agreements to gallop ahead of the United States in military spending.

A) Gerald Ford
B) Jimmy Carter
C) Richard Nixon
D) Ronald Reagan
E) Harry Truman





Answer: D

The United States and Soviet Union agreement on SALT I reflected

The United States and Soviet Union agreement on SALT I reflected

A) a policy of containment.
B) brinkmanship.
C) a policy of de´tente.
D) McCarthyism.
E) the two nations' first effort to coordinate the development of a natural resource.




Answer: C

Product of de´tente was the

Product of de´tente was the

A) end of the Korean War.
B) start of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks.
C) 1979 Israeli-Egyptian peace treaty.
D) creation of the United Nations.
E) all of the above



Answer: B

In detente,

In detente,

A) nuclear rearmament was emphasized.
B) diplomacy and propaganda replaced the threat of force.
C) unilateral arms reductions were common.
D) international relations shifted from a multipolar to a bipolar world.
E) international relations shifted from a bipolar to a multipolar world.





Answer: B

Detente refers to

Detente refers to

A) irrevocable differences between the United States and the Soviet Union.
B) the threat of nuclear war.
C) the foreign policy of the Reagan administration.
D) a shift toward cooperation among world powers.
E) France's policy of maintaining a nuclear arsenal and foreign policy independent of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

Answer: D

The relaxation of tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union throughout the 1970s was known as

The relaxation of tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union throughout the 1970s was known as

A) detente.
B) containment.
C) the Strategic Defense Initiative.
D) glasnost.
E) New Thinking.



Answer: A

The rise of detente and the first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) were brought about under President

The rise of detente and the first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) were brought about under President

A) Harry Truman.
B) Dwight Eisenhower.
C) Ronald Reagan.
D) Richard Nixon.
E) John F. Kennedy.



Answer: D

The Vietnam War

The Vietnam War

A) began during the Johnson administration.
B) illustrates the ability of government to lie to its citizens.
C) received widespread popular support despite the attention given to a very vocal minority opposition.
D) ended with a compromise settlement in the Peace Treaty of 1973.
E) began during the Nixon administration.




Answer: B

President ________ was responsible for initiating the use of United States ground troops in Vietnam (eventually over 500,000), and the massive bombing of North Vietnam, but his failure to win the war after four years and the mounting anti-war protests back home led him to decide not to seek reelection.

President ________ was responsible for initiating the use of United States ground troops in Vietnam (eventually over 500,000), and the massive bombing of North Vietnam, but his failure to win the war after four years and the mounting anti-war protests back home led him to decide not to seek reelection.

A) Harry Truman
B) Franklin Roosevelt
C) Richard Nixon
D) Lyndon Johnson
E) John F. Kennedy



Answer: D

By the mid-1950s, defense expenditures

By the mid-1950s, defense expenditures

A) declined below World War II levels.
B) gave way to expenditures on social-welfare policies.
C) grew to be the largest component of the federal budget.
D) reduced the profits of defense contractors.
E) shifted to the Middle East to protect American oil supplies.




Answer: C

The growth of the military budget during the 1950s under President Eisenhower led him to remark at the end of his second term that

The growth of the military budget during the 1950s under President Eisenhower led him to remark at the end of his second term that

A) although the Soviets were not aware of it yet, the United States had won the Cold War.
B) atomic bombs should be dropped on the Soviet Union.
C) the military-industrial complex that had developed between private defense contractors and the Pentagon was worrisome.
D) due to the Soviet launching of the Sputnik satellite, peaceful coexistence between the superpowers was over.
E) none of the above




Answer: C

The cold war led to all of the following EXCEPT

The cold war led to all of the following EXCEPT

A) an arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union.
B) the use of atomic weapons.
C) the growth of the military-industrial complex.
D) mutual assured destruction.
E) none of the above




Answer: B

McCarthyism

McCarthyism

A) was an anti-war movement during the Korean War.
B) was the clandestine name of the communist movement in the United States.
C) claimed that communism was infiltrating American government and cultural institutions.
D) was the name of the policy that called for the United States to isolate the Soviet Union.
E) was the policy of using United States tax dollars to rebuild Germany and Japan after World War II.





Answer: C

McCarthyism was strongest during

McCarthyism was strongest during

A) World War II.
B) the Vietnam War.
C) the Korean War.
D) dettente.
E) World War I.




Answer: C

Fear of a serious communist conspiracy in the United States during the early years of the Cold War led to the rise of a near panic that communism was infiltrating American government and cultural institutions, and became known as

Fear of a serious communist conspiracy in the United States during the early years of the Cold War led to the rise of a near panic that communism was infiltrating American government and cultural institutions, and became known as

A) brinkmanship.
B) McCarthyism.
C) detente.
D) isolationism.
E) the Deep Freeze.




Answer: B

During the 1950s, John Foster Dulles, the Secretary of State under Eisenhower, proclaimed a policy of ________ in America's dealings with the Soviet Union.

During the 1950s, John Foster Dulles, the Secretary of State under Eisenhower, proclaimed a policy of ________ in America's dealings with the Soviet Union.

A) containment
B) detente
C) peaceful coexistence
D) brinkmanship
E) laissez faire





Answer: D

Almost immediately following World War II, the United States entered into ________ with the Soviet Union.

Almost immediately following World War II, the United States entered into ________ with the Soviet Union.

A) the Korean War
B) the Cuban Missile Crisis
C) a Cold War
D) peaceful coexistence
E) a lend lease plan





Answer: C

The containment doctrine was

The containment doctrine was

A) intended to prevent Soviet expansion after World War II.
B) the policy of nuclear arms agreements to limit the spread of nuclear weapons.
C) the Soviet policy of building the Iron Curtain and Berlin Wall to hold American influence to Western Europe after World War II.
D) first proposed as a military maneuver during the Korean War as a means to prevent Chinese advances.
E) the policy of cooperation and relaxation of tensions with the Soviet Union.





Answer: A

The Marshall Plan

The Marshall Plan

A) warned European nations to stay out of Latin America.
B) poured billions of dollars into war-ravaged European nations after World War II.
C) established the containment doctrine.
D) imposed democratic constitutions on Germany and Japan in the wake of World War II.
E) created NATO.





Answer: B

America's principal foreign policy strategy toward the Soviet Union throughout the Cold War, proposed by the foreign policy strategist George Kennan in 1947, was

America's principal foreign policy strategy toward the Soviet Union throughout the Cold War, proposed by the foreign policy strategist George Kennan in 1947, was

A) isolationism.
B) containment.
C) peaceful coexistence.
D) covert operations.
E) laissez faire.




Answer: B

The containment doctrine did not prevent the communists from winning a stunning victory in ________ in 1949.

The containment doctrine did not prevent the communists from winning a stunning victory in ________ in 1949.

A) Turkey
B) West Berlin
C) China
D) Taiwan
E) Vietnam






Answer: C

The death-blow to American isolationism occurred as a result of

The death-blow to American isolationism occurred as a result of

A) the Monroe Doctrine.
B) World War I.
C) World War II.
D) the League of Nations.
E) the Soviet takeover of Eastern Europe.




Answer: C

It was, above all else, ________ that dealt a death blow to American isolationism.

It was, above all else, ________ that dealt a death blow to American isolationism.

A) World War I
B) World War II
C) the Cuban Missile Crisis
D) the Vietnam War
E) World War III.





Answer: B

Throughout most of its history up to the early twentieth century, the United States followed a foreign policy course of ________, particularly with regard to Europe.

Throughout most of its history up to the early twentieth century, the United States followed a foreign policy course of ________, particularly with regard to Europe.

A) isolationism
B) internationalism
C) intervention
D) collective security
E) laissez faire




Answer: A

The Monroe Doctrine

The Monroe Doctrine

A) ended the American policy of isolationism.
B) showed again that America was not concerned with Europe's problems.
C) affirmed America's intention to stay out of Latin American affairs.
D) symbolized the start of the Cold War.
E) first enunciated the policy of isolationism.


Answer: B

Throughout most of American history, American foreign policy has centered on the concept of

Throughout most of American history, American foreign policy has centered on the concept of

A) isolationism.
B) brinkmanship.
C) containment.
D) McCarthyism.
E) internationalism.





Answer: A

The foreign-policy powers of Congress

The foreign-policy powers of Congress

A) have no constitutional basis.
B) include raising and organizing the armed forces.
C) include making treaties.
D) are negligible when compared with the president's.
E) appoint the top military officials including the Joint Chiefs of Staff.





Answer: B

Which of the following is NOT a power of Congress in foreign and defense policy?

Which of the following is NOT a power of Congress in foreign and defense policy?

A) to declare war
B) to ratify treaties
C) to appoint ambassadors
D) to confirm presidential nominees to head the State Department and Department of Defense
E) to provide oversight of the CIA






Answer: C

Which of the following is NOT true about the Central Intelligence Agency?

Which of the following is NOT true about the Central Intelligence Agency?

A) Its precise budget and most of its staff are kept secret.
B) Much of its business is collecting basic information from newspapers and government reports in foreign cities.
C) It has helped overthrow foreign governments through successful espionage.
D) Due to its need for secrecy, it does not have to report to any congressional committee.
E) The head of the CIA is a member of the president's National Security Council.




Answer: D

What caused a public uproar involving the National Security Agency in 2005?

What caused a public uproar involving the National Security Agency in 2005?

A) revelations that the NSA had tortured prisoners at Guantanamo, Cuba
B) revelations that the NSA was monitoring the communications of American citizens without obtaining warrants
C) a leaked memo that linked the events of September 11, 2001 with the Democratic National Committee
D) a scathing report condemning the George W. Bush administration for "building a case for the war in Iraq on a quicksand foundation"
E) the resignation of Donald Rumsfeld under a cloud of suspicion for his role in a Colombian-based drug smuggling operation

Answer: B

A study by Richard Betts showed that the advice given to the president by the Joint Chiefs of Staff tends to

A study by Richard Betts showed that the advice given to the president by the Joint Chiefs of Staff tends to

A) be split, with the Army and Marine Corps favoring aggressive policies and the Navy favoring peaceful policies.
B) favor aggressive solutions to crises.
C) be no more aggressive than advice given by civilian advisors.
D) be ignored by the president who listens mainly to the national security advisor.
E) favor the use of nuclear weapons.



Answer: C

The Central Intelligence Agency is required by law to report its activities to

The Central Intelligence Agency is required by law to report its activities to

A) relevant Congressional committees.
B) the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
C) the United Nations Security Council.
D) the Secretary of State.
E) no one, not even the president.





Answer: A

The ________ helped to overthrow the governments of Iran in 1953 and Guatemala in 1954, and has a long history of involvement in the internal affairs of other nations.

The ________ helped to overthrow the governments of Iran in 1953 and Guatemala in 1954, and has a long history of involvement in the internal affairs of other nations.

A) Department of Defense
B) National Security Council
C) Central Intelligence Agency
D) Joint Chiefs of Staff
E) Federal Bureau of Investigation





Answer: C

Which of the following statements about the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is FALSE?

A) The CIA was created after World War II to coordinate American information and intelligence activities abroad.
B) The bulk of the material gathered and analyzed by the CIA comes from readily available sources.
C) The CIA has never been involved in domestic affairs.
D) Congress requires the CIA to inform relevant Congressional committees of current and anticipated covert operations.
E) It was involved in the overthrow of the Iranian government.

Answer: C

The ________ was established after World War II in order to coordinate American information and data-gathering operations abroad and to collect, analyze, and evaluate its own data.

The ________ was established after World War II in order to coordinate American information and data-gathering operations abroad and to collect, analyze, and evaluate its own data.

A) OSS
B) CIA
C) JCS
D) National Security Council
E) North Atlantic Treaty Organization







Answer: B

Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North became a national celebrity when he explained his involvement in the ________ to a televised Congressional hearing.

Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North became a national celebrity when he explained his involvement in the ________ to a televised Congressional hearing.

A) Iran-Contra scandal
B) Watergate scandal
C) defense procurement scandal
D) liberation of Kuwait
E) Whitewater scandal





Answer: A

The Iran-Contra affair involved covert activities staged by the

The Iran-Contra affair involved covert activities staged by the

A) State Department.
B) National Security Council.
C) Pentagon.
D) Central Intelligence Agency.
E) Joint Chiefs of Staff.




Answer: B

The government body responsible for coordinating foreign and military policy is the

The government body responsible for coordinating foreign and military policy is the

A) National Security Council.
B) Joint Chiefs of Staff.
C) Central Intelligence Agency.
D) State Department.
E) Department of Defense.




Answer: A

The Iran-Contra affair erupted in 1986 when it came to light that members of the ________ were involved in a secret operation selling arms to Iran in return for Iranian help in returning American hostages held in Lebanon, and using money from the arms sale to fund rebels in Nicaragua.

The Iran-Contra affair erupted in 1986 when it came to light that members of the ________ were involved in a secret operation selling arms to Iran in return for Iranian help in returning American hostages held in Lebanon, and using money from the arms sale to fund rebels in Nicaragua.

A) Joint Chiefs of Staff
B) National Security Council staff
C) Department of Defense
D) State Department
E) Central Intelligence Agency




Answer: B

The ________ was formed in 1947 to coordinate American foreign and military policies and advise the president.

The ________ was formed in 1947 to coordinate American foreign and military policies and advise the president.

A) State Department
B) Department of Defense
C) Joint Chiefs of Staff
D) National Security Council
E) Central Intelligence Agency




Answer: D

The ________ is officially composed of the president, the vice president, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State.

The ________ is officially composed of the president, the vice president, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State.

A) National Security Agency
B) Pentagon
C) Joint Chiefs of Staff
D) National Security Council
E) Trilateral Commission.





Answer: D

The National Security Council is officially composed of the president and all of the following EXCEPT the

The National Security Council is officially composed of the president and all of the following EXCEPT the

A) director of the Central Intelligence Agency.
B) Secretary of Defense.
C) Secretary of State.
D) vice president.
E) Secretary of Homeland Security.

Answer: A

The chief role of the Secretary of Defense is to

The chief role of the Secretary of Defense is to

A) manage the military budget.
B) be the president's chief foreign policy advisor.
C) coordinate American foreign and military policy.
D) act as Commander in Chief of the armed forces.
E) declare war.





Answer: A

The president's principal civilian adviser on the military is the

The president's principal civilian adviser on the military is the

A) National Security Adviser.
B) Secretary of State.
C) Secretary of Defense.
D) chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
E) director of the Central Intelligence Agency.





Answer: C

The commanding officers of each of the services, plus a chair, constitute the

The commanding officers of each of the services, plus a chair, constitute the

A) Armed Services Committee.
B) National Security Council.
C) Joint Chiefs of Staff.
D) Department of Defense.
E) Central Intelligence Agency.





Answer: C

"The Pentagon" refers to the

"The Pentagon" refers to the

A) State Department.
B) Foreign Service.
C) Joint Chiefs of Staff.
D) Department of Defense.
E) Department of Homeland Security.





Answer: D

Many recent presidents have bypassed the Secretary of State for foreign policy advice and come to rely more on the

Many recent presidents have bypassed the Secretary of State for foreign policy advice and come to rely more on the

A) Secretary of Defense.
B) United States Ambassador to the United Nations.
C) Joint Chiefs of Staff.
D) special assistant for National Security Affairs.
E) National Security Council.

Answer: D

The head of the foreign policy arm of the federal government who traditionally advises the president is the

The head of the foreign policy arm of the federal government who traditionally advises the president is the

A) National Security Assistant.
B) Secretary of Defense.
C) Secretary of State.
D) United States Ambassador to the United Nations.
E) chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.






Answer: C

The ________ staffs United States embassies and consulates in about 300 overseas posts from Albania to Zimbabwe, representing the interests of Americans.

The ________ staffs United States embassies and consulates in about 300 overseas posts from Albania to Zimbabwe, representing the interests of Americans.

A) Department of Defense
B) Justice Department
C) State Department
D) National Security Council
E) Executive Office of the President





Answer: C

After the president, the ________ is considered the nation's foremost diplomat in the United States.

After the president, the ________ is considered the nation's foremost diplomat in the United States.

A) National Security Adviser
B) Secretary of State
C) Secretary of Defense
D) United States Ambassador to the United Nations
E) chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff




Answer: B

The ________ is the primary foreign policy arm of the United States government.

The ________ is the primary foreign policy arm of the United States government.

A) State Department
B) Department of Defense
C) Joint Chiefs of Staff
D) National Security Council
E) Central Intelligence Agency





Answer: A

As chief diplomat, the president does all of the following EXCEPT

As chief diplomat, the president does all of the following EXCEPT

A) negotiates treaties.
B) deploys troops abroad.
C) entertains foreign heads of state.
D) appoints United States ambassadors.
E) none of the above





Answer: C

An example of an interest group involved in international affairs would be

An example of an interest group involved in international affairs would be

A) the World Bank.
B) the European Economic Community.
C) Greenpeace.
D) tourists.
E) immigrants.




Answer: C

Multinational corporations

Multinational corporations

A) have been known to link forces with the CIA to overturn governments they disliked.
B) are usually strictly regulated by their host country.
C) are among the oldest actors on the international stage.
D) contribute two-thirds of the world's industrial output.
E) all of the above




Answer: A

The ________ is a regional economic organization of major nations.

The ________ is a regional economic organization of major nations.

A) North Atlantic Treaty Organization
B) Warsaw Pact
C) European Union
D) Trilateral Commission
E) Geneva Convention





Answer: C

During the Cold War era, more than a million ________ troops were spread from West Germany to Portugal.

During the Cold War era, more than a million ________ troops were spread from West Germany to Portugal.

A) North Atlantic Treaty Organization
B) Trilateral Commission
C) German
D) United Nations peacekeeping
E) United Nations combat




Answer: A

During the Cold War era, the Soviet Union and its Eastern European allies formed a regional organization known as the

During the Cold War era, the Soviet Union and its Eastern European allies formed a regional organization known as the

A) Iron Curtain.
B) European Economic Community.
C) Trilateral Commission.
D) Warsaw Pact.
E) Geneva Convention.



Answer: D

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is an example of a

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is an example of a

A) United Nations agency.
B) regional organization for military purposes.
C) regional organization for economic purposes.
D) multinational corporation.
E) global organization for military purposes.

Answer: B

The seat of real power in the United Nations is the

The seat of real power in the United Nations is the

A) General Assembly.
B) Security Council.
C) World Bank.
D) Superpower Caucus.
E) Secretariat.




Answer: B

After the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, the United Nations

After the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, the United Nations

A) sided with Iraq, but many countries refused to go along.
B) authorized an embargo on the shipment of goods into and out of Iraq, then authorized the use of force against Iraq.
C) authorized an embargo on the shipment of goods into and out of Iraq, but would not authorize the use of military force.
D) remained a neutral ground for diplomacy, siding neither with nor against Iraq's actions, but calling for a peaceful resolution.
E) sided with Iraq




Answer: B

Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council have

Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council have

A) veto power over any Security Council decisions, including any effort to deploy UN peacekeeping troops.
B) two votes each on the Security Council, making them more important than non-permanent members.
C) no more or no less clout on the Security Council than the non-permanent members, just guaranteed membership.
D) no voting power on the Security Council, but are guaranteed the right to listen in or speak at any meeting.
E) none of the above




Answer: A

Regional organizations have ________ in the post-World War II era.

Regional organizations have ________ in the post-World War II era.

A) declined in number
B) decreased in influence
C) proliferated
D) disappeared
E) remained active neral





Answer: C

The European Union is an example of a ________ organization.

The European Union is an example of a ________ organization.

A) nongovernmental
B) domestic
C) military
D) diplomatic
E) regional



Answer: E

New actors on the world stage include all of the following EXCEPT

New actors on the world stage include all of the following EXCEPT

A) international organizations.
B) non-governmental organizations.
C) multinational corporations.
D) diplomats.
E) tourists.





Answer: D

The United Nations is composed of nearly 200

The United Nations is composed of nearly 200

A) civil servants.
B) diplomats.
C) nations and international organizations.
D) nations.
E) regional caucuses.




Answer: D

Which of the following is NOT a permanent member country on the United Nations Security Council?

Which of the following is NOT a permanent member country on the United Nations Security Council?

A) Japan
B) Great Britain
C) China
D) France
E) Russia




Answer: A

On the United Nations Security Council, ________ countries have permanent seats.

On the United Nations Security Council, ________ countries have permanent seats.

A) no
B) 2
C) 5
D) 15
E) 9




Answer: C

The United Nations Security Council has ________ members.

The United Nations Security Council has ________ members.

A) 5
B) 15
C) 35
D) 175
E) 100



Answer: B

The ________ is the real focus of power in the United Nations.

The ________ is the real focus of power in the United Nations.

A) General Assembly
B) Foreign Relations Committee
C) Secretariat
D) Security Council
E) Secretary General




Answer: D

The United Nations General Assembly is made up of about ________ members.

The United Nations General Assembly is made up of about ________ members.

A) 15
B) 60
C) 185
D) 320
E) 144



Answer: C

Member countries of the United Nations agree to

Member countries of the United Nations agree to

A) renounce war and respect certain human and economic freedoms.
B) elect their leaders through the democratic process.
C) adopt the United States Constitution as their model for self-government.
D) limit the organization's activities to a peacekeeping function, and not involve themselves in economic development or health, education, and welfare concerns.
E) adopt capitalist economic systems.



Answer: A

The United Nations was created in

The United Nations was created in

A) 1789.
B) 1865.
C) 1945.
D) 1967.
E) 1919.

Answer: C

Diplomacy refers to

Diplomacy refers to

A) formal and informal communications with representatives of other governments.
B) regulation of international travel.
C) the exchange of military officials between countries.
D) a recent philosophy regarding world relations.
E) multi-sided arms negotiations.





Answer: A

All of the following are instruments of foreign policy EXCEPT

All of the following are instruments of foreign policy EXCEPT

A) taxation.
B) military.
C) economic.
D) diplomacy.
E) none of the above.



Answer: A

Which of the following is NOT one of the three ultimate tools of foreign policy?

Which of the following is NOT one of the three ultimate tools of foreign policy?

A) military
B) judicial
C) economic
D) diplomatic



Answer: B

Which of the following is a renewable resource?

Which of the following is a renewable resource?

A) coal
B) solar energy
C) natural gas
D) oil
E) nuclear

Answer: B

At the end of 1997, 150 nations met in Kyoto, Japan, and agreed in principle to

At the end of 1997, 150 nations met in Kyoto, Japan, and agreed in principle to

A) stop producing carbon monoxide.
B) reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases below 1990 levels by about 2010.
C) increase their reliance on renewable resources by 200 percent of their 1990 levels.
D) offer tax incentives for reducing carbon monoxide production.
E) stop using nuclear energy.





Answer: B

Global warming refers to

Global warming refers to

A) the expectation that the Earth's atmosphere is becoming warmer due to the decreasing size of ice masses in Antarctica.
B) the expectation that the world will share a common weather pattern by the year 2010.
C) the expectation that the Earth's atmosphere is becoming warmer due to high levels of carbon monoxide production.
D) the spread of nuclear power throughout the world.
E) the melting of the polar ice caps.

Answer: C

The most controversial energy source is

The most controversial energy source is

A) coal.
B) oil.
C) natural gas.
D) nuclear fuel.
E) solar.

Answer: D

The "dirtiest" type of fuel is

The "dirtiest" type of fuel is

A) coal.
B) oil.
C) natural gas.
D) nuclear fuel.
E) wood.




Answer: A

Which of the following is NOT true of coal?

Which of the following is NOT true of coal?

A) It is the nation's most abundant fuel.
B) It is responsible for the "black lungs" health hazard to coal miners.
C) It accounts for half the energy Americans use.
D) Its use to produce electricity is linked to acid rain.
E) About 90 percent of all of America's energy resources are in coal.

Answer: C

America's coal deposits are expected to last

America's coal deposits are expected to last

A) 15 more years.
B) 50 more years.
C) for hundreds of years.
D) for thousands of years.
E) forever, as coal is a renewable resource.

Answer: C

An estimated 90 percent of the energy resources of the United States is in

An estimated 90 percent of the energy resources of the United States is in

A) oil reserves.
B) coal deposits.
C) natural gas reserves.
D) uranium deposits.
E) water.

Answer: B

After more than a decade of political delays, President Bush in 2002 signed off on Congressional legislation choosing Yucca Flats, Nevada, as the

After more than a decade of political delays, President Bush in 2002 signed off on Congressional legislation choosing Yucca Flats, Nevada, as the

A) official location of the Superfund.
B) new office location of the EPA.
C) only remaining pristine wilderness in the United States.
D) site for the long-term storage of nuclear waste.
E) site for the destruction of nuclear weapons.

Answer: D

A large number of legal suits currently involve conflicts over who will pay to

A large number of legal suits currently involve conflicts over who will pay to

A) protect endangered species.
B) fund environmental research.
C) clean up radioactive wastes.
D) administer wilderness preserves.
E) purchase new wilderness lands.

Answer: C

To successfully dispose of nuclear wastes, they must be isolated from the environment for ________ years.

To successfully dispose of nuclear wastes, they must be isolated from the environment for ________ years.

A) 10
B) 100
C) 1,000
D) 5,000
E) 10,000

Answer: E

Which of the following statements about the Superfund is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about the Superfund is FALSE?

A) The law can force polluters to clean up pollution that occurred even before the law was passed.
B) Its purpose is to pay for cleaning up toxic waste.
C) It was created by taxing chemical products.
D) It has been highly successful.
E) A single polluter can be forced to pay for cleanup of a site that was also polluted by many others.

Answer: D

The Superfund was created to

The Superfund was created to

A) clean up toxic waste.
B) preserve endangered species.
C) buy land for wilderness protection.
D) finance the national park system.
E) all of the above

Answer: A

Which of the following is NOT true about Superfund?

Which of the following is NOT true about Superfund?

A) Taxes on chemical products are used to pay for it.
B) It has successfully located and isolated the country's toxic waste dump sites and has completely cleaned more than half of those sites.
C) It was created by Congress in part to respond to the Love Canal disaster in New York state.
D) Its costs represent the fastest growing segment of the nation's environmental budget.
E) It is administered by the EPA.

Answer: B

The Superfund is paid for by

The Superfund is paid for by

A) a voluntary check-off system on federal income tax forms.
B) taxes on chemical products.
C) a special tax on automobiles, trucks, snowmobiles, and motorized farm vehicles.
D) the federal gasoline tax.
E) aviation fuel taxes.

Answer: B

The Endangered Species Act of 1973, as originally passed, required that the government

The Endangered Species Act of 1973, as originally passed, required that the government

A) choose which species were significant enough to protect from extinction, while others would be allowed to die off.
B) merely acknowledge that some species were likely to go extinct.
C) actively protect each of the hundreds of species listed as endangered, regardless of the economic effect on the surrounding region.
D) actively protect each of the hundreds of species listed as endangered unless that protection would cause severe economic harm to the local region.
E) none of the above

Answer: C

Perhaps the most consistently successful environmental campaigns in the post-war era have been those aimed at

Perhaps the most consistently successful environmental campaigns in the post-war era have been those aimed at

A) air pollution.
B) wilderness preservation.
C) water pollution.
D) energy conservation.
E) toxic waste cleanup.

Answer: B

Half of the designated wilderness area in the United States is located in

Half of the designated wilderness area in the United States is located in

A) Alaska.
B) New England.
C) Texas.
D) California.
E) the Rocky Mountains.

Answer: A

About ________ of the United States is now designated as protected wilderness.

About ________ of the United States is now designated as protected wilderness.

A) 4 percent
B) 12 percent
C) 24 percent
D) 35 percent
E) 17 percent

Answer: A

The Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 has successfully

The Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 has successfully

A) improved the water quality of the Great Lakes and northeastern rivers.
B) chlorinated the water systems of nearly every major city.
C) abolished ocean dumping.
D) banned all oil drilling in off-shore rigs.
E) all of the above

Answer: A

Auto companies have been partially successful in their efforts to delay implementation of

Auto companies have been partially successful in their efforts to delay implementation of

A) clean air standards.
B) mandatory air bag requirements.
C) oil price deregulation.
D) the National Environmental Policy Act.
E) auto safety legislation.

Answer: A

The smaller size of American cars, the use of unleaded gasoline, and the lower gas consumption of new cars are all due in large part to

The smaller size of American cars, the use of unleaded gasoline, and the lower gas consumption of new cars are all due in large part to

A) self-regulation of the automobile industry.
B) Supreme Court rulings.
C) Department of Transportation regulations.
D) consumer demands.
E) the dramatic increases of Middle Eastern oil prices in the 1970s.

Answer: A

The Clean Air Act of 1970

The Clean Air Act of 1970

A) banned cigarette advertisements on television.
B) empowered the Department of Interior with enforcing tough anti-pollution laws on industries near national forests or national parks.
C) empowered the Department of Transportation to authorize mandatory reductions in automobile emissions.
D) never passed Congress due to economic concerns about its effect.
E) banned cigarette smoking in public buildings.

Answer: C

The National Environmental Policy Act, the Clean Air Act, and the Water Pollution Control Act are implemented by the

The National Environmental Policy Act, the Clean Air Act, and the Water Pollution Control Act are implemented by the

A) Department of the Interior (DOI).
B) Department of Transportation (DOT).
C) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
D) Department of Energy (DOE).
E) President's National Environmental Council.

Answer: C

Which of the following is NOT true about the Environmental Protection Agency?

Which of the following is NOT true about the Environmental Protection Agency?

A) It is the nation's largest regulatory agency.
B) It is in charge of administering policies dealing with toxic wastes such as dangerous chemicals.
C) It enforces the Clean Air Act, the Water Pollution Control Act, and many other environmental bills.
D) It was established in the 1910s.
E) The head of the EPA is a cabinet member.

Answer: D

The enforcement of the Clean Air Act and other anti-pollution legislation is administered by what regulatory body?

The enforcement of the Clean Air Act and other anti-pollution legislation is administered by what regulatory body?

A) Department of Interior
B) Environmental Protection Agency
C) Department of Justice
D) Occupational Safety and Health Administration
E) Federal Pollution Board

Answer: B

Oregon started rationing health care provided under Medicaid by

Oregon started rationing health care provided under Medicaid by

A) deciding not to pay for some costly treatments in order to provide medical care to more people.
B) moving toward greater high-tech breakthroughs in medicine.
C) giving everyone a certain number of health care "credits," which they can spend annually as they see fit.
D) requiring Medicaid recipients to stop bearing children in order to receive free health coverage for their present families.
E) distributing Medicare patients to a greater number of physicians.

Answer: A