The Clinton administration has the strong support of environmentalists but

The Clinton administration has the strong support of environmentalists but

a. tried to amend Superfund without much success.
b. pushed ahead with more command and control policies.
c. sided with lawyers who were being blamed for Superfund failures.
d. abolished Superfund.
e. reformed Superfund in a manner that displeased most environmentalists.

Answer: A

When a company reduces its polluting emissions by more than the law requires and uses the excess amount to cover a future plant expansion, it is taking advantage of

When a company reduces its polluting emissions by more than the law requires and uses the excess amount to cover a future plant expansion, it is taking advantage of

a. an air proxy card.
b. an offset.
c. the command-and-control strategy.
d. the bubble standard.
e. a pollution allowance.

Answer: E

Which refers to a total amount of air pollution that can come from a given factory, allowing owners to decide which specific sources within the factory will be reduced?

Which refers to a total amount of air pollution that can come from a given factory, allowing owners to decide which specific sources within the factory will be reduced?

a. An air proxy card
b. An offset
c. The command-and-control strategy
d. The bubble standard
e. A pollution allowance

Answer: D

Offsets, bubble standards, and banks, also called pollution allowances, are all

Offsets, bubble standards, and banks, also called pollution allowances, are all

a. pollution control devices that effectively reduce air contamination.
b. tests conducted by the EPA on agricultural pesticides.
c. EPA incentives for companies to reduce pollution.
d. rules devised by the EPA under its command-and-control strategy to improve air and water quality.
e. standards which are employed in order to control the amount of hazardous nuclear waste that is discarded in waterbeds.

Answer: C

The EPA began to shift from a command-and-control strategy for affected businesses during the ___________ administration.

The EPA began to shift from a command-and-control strategy for affected businesses during the ___________ administration.

a. Nixon
b. Ford
c. Carter
d. Reagan
e. Clinton

Answer: C

The EPA was once instructed by Congress to eliminate all pollutants ________ by 1985.

The EPA was once instructed by Congress to eliminate all pollutants ________ by 1985.

a. in the air
b. from automobiles
c. from factories
d. entering our water
e. from pesticides

Answer: D

The inability of Superfund to treat more than 2,000 waste sites by the year 2000 was, in part, attributable to the fact that

The inability of Superfund to treat more than 2,000 waste sites by the year 2000 was, in part, attributable to the fact that

a. Superfund money went straight to the waste removers.
b. finding and suing responsible parties was difficult.
c. the government provided little in the way of funding.
d. President Reagan signed a bill that weakened the EPA.
e. environmental lobbyists were no longer able to exert pressure on the EPA.

Answer: B

Under this program chemical and petroleum industries would be taxed and the proceeds, along with general tax revenues, were to be used to pay for cleaning up abandoned hazardous waste sites.

Under this program chemical and petroleum industries would be taxed and the proceeds, along with general tax revenues, were to be used to pay for cleaning up abandoned hazardous waste sites.

a. Off-set
b. Superfund
c. Command-and-Control
d. Koyoto Protocol
e. a and d.

Answer: B

The EPA was given responsibility to administer certain laws governing

The EPA was given responsibility to administer certain laws governing

a. air.
b. water.
c. pesticides.
d. all of the above.
e. a and b.

Answer: D

All of the following are correct pairings of different styles of politics and examples of these styles in environmental policy making except

All of the following are correct pairings of different styles of politics and examples of these styles in environmental policy making except

a. entrepreneurial politics and global warming.
b. majoritarian politics and pollution from automobiles.
c. client politics and land-use controls.
d. interest group politics and acid rain.
e. a and d.

Answer: C

Congress orders the U.S. Forest Service to sell timber to the timber industry at below-market prices and thereby subsidizes the timber industry. Such a program best illustrates

Congress orders the U.S. Forest Service to sell timber to the timber industry at below-market prices and thereby subsidizes the timber industry. Such a program best illustrates

a. entrepreneurial politics.
b. majoritarian politics.
c. interest group politics.
d. client politics.
e. club-based politics.

Answer: D

About ____ of the U.S. forest system is off limits to logging.

About ____ of the U.S. forest system is off limits to logging.

a. 1/8
b. 1/4
c. 1/2
d. 2/3
e. 3/4

Answer: D

In cases in which pesticides, such as DDT, have been taken off the market, public debate of their effects tends to lend itself to

In cases in which pesticides, such as DDT, have been taken off the market, public debate of their effects tends to lend itself to

a. majoritarian politics.
b. entrepreneurial politics.
c. interest-group politics.
d. client politics.
e. club-based politics.

Answer: B

Many policy entrepreneurs favor measures to control the use of agricultural pesticides. One reason they have not been successful in enacting legislation to do this is that

Many policy entrepreneurs favor measures to control the use of agricultural pesticides. One reason they have not been successful in enacting legislation to do this is that

a. the EPA is opposed to such legislation.
b. extensive media coverage has lent support to farmers.
c. the risks associated with the use of pesticide use are undocumented.
d. farmers are well-represented in Congress.
e. Congress and the EPA cannot agree on relevant standards.

Answer: D

Today, there are well over ______ pesticides in use.

Today, there are well over ______ pesticides in use.

a. 5,000
b. 10,000
c. 15,000
d. 25,000
e. 50,000

Answer: E

When Rachel Carson published Silent Spring in 1962, she set off a public outcry about the harm of wildlife caused by

When Rachel Carson published Silent Spring in 1962, she set off a public outcry about the harm of wildlife caused by

a. a common pesticide.
b. gas-powered farming equipment.
c. a variety of synthetic fertilizers.
d. experimental crops.
e. Farm Bureau policies.

Answer: A

As environmental policy has become more complex and new interest groups have been formed, it is increasingly more difficult to

As environmental policy has become more complex and new interest groups have been formed, it is increasingly more difficult to

a. interest Congress in environmental policy.
b. identify who supports or opposes any given policy.
c. provide cues to members of Congress.
d. attract public attention to issues.
e. change existing policy.

Answer: E

The compromise worked out by Congress to deal with acid rain calls for

The compromise worked out by Congress to deal with acid rain calls for

a. scrubbers in all new plants.
b. the burning of only low-sulfur coal in all new plants.
c. both scrubbers and the burning of only low-sulfur coal in all new plants.
d. both scrubbers and the burning of only low-sulfur coal in all plants, both new and existing.
e. scrubbers in old plants and the burning of low-sulfur coal in half of all new plants.

Answer: A

If burning low-sulfur coal significantly reduces the emission of sulfurous fumes and therefore reduces acid rain, why don't plants in the Midwest and Great Lakes region burn only low-sulfur coal?

If burning low-sulfur coal significantly reduces the emission of sulfurous fumes and therefore reduces acid rain, why don't plants in the Midwest and Great Lakes region burn only low-sulfur coal?

a. Because it can be burned only if plants are equipped with scrubbers
b. Because it is expensive
c. Because it produces far less energy than does high-sulfur coal
d. Because the major source of low-sulfur coal is Canada
e. Because the major source of low-sulfur coal is Mexico

Answer: B

Why should many residents of Canada be concerned about the type of coal burned in Midwestern U.S. power plants?

Why should many residents of Canada be concerned about the type of coal burned in Midwestern U.S. power plants?

a. Because acid rain caused by these plants affects lakes and forests in eastern Canada
b. Because the Canadian economy is heavily dependent on the sale of high-sulfur coal
c. Because the Canadian economy benefits directly from the sale of smokestack scrubbers
d. Because Canada is a major producer of sulfur dioxide and a source of acid rain
e. Because the extraction of low-sulfur coal in Canada is quite damaging to farm land

Answer: A